Comparison and contrast of project definitions Essay Example for Free

Comparison and contrast of project definitions Essay A project is a sequence of unique, complex, and connected activities that have one goal or purpose and that must be completed by a specific time, within budget, and according to specification. Second definition is given by Wysocki as a â€Å"Business-focused† one, and will be referred as such hereinafter. Business-focused definition of a project: A project is a sequence of finite dependent activities whose successful completion results in the delivery of the expected business value that validated doing the project. Though both definitions may seem similar in nature, there are also marked differences. First of all, both definitions outline a sequence of activities that must be completed. When common definition describes them as â€Å"unique, complex and connected†, business-focused approach is about â€Å"finite and dependent† activities, uniqueness and complexity of which are implied. Usage of â€Å"dependent† instead of â€Å"connected† is justified, since activities may be connected artificially without any technical relationship between them. On the contrary, dependent activities are indeed technically related: the output of activity A would be input for activity B, and so on. â€Å"Finite† in business-focused definition basically implies that all activities end when project is over, therefore there is a similarity with â€Å"completed by a specific time† part of a common definition. Secondly, both definitions outline some project constraints, though in different ways. â€Å"Successful completion† involves completion â€Å"by a specific time, within budget† from common definition, so there’s the second similar trait. However, here lies the most important difference. When common definition describes activities completion as goal/purpose achievement, business-focused one speaks about expected business value that a sequence of activities must deliver. Broadly speaking, business-focused definition supposes that specification, time limits and budget of a project all can be subject to change due to business world dynamics, high levels of uncertainty, or some other causes. Therefore a sequence of activities can only be defined as a project if it delivers expected business value to the customer. It’s an important issue that is omitted by common project definition.

Plant And Animal Cells Essay -- Biology Biological Cells Essays

Plant and Animal Cells I. Introduction All organisms in life are composed of at least one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of life. There are three main features of a cell. First, all organisms consist of one or more cells. Second, cells are the smallest units of life and third, cells arise only from preexisting cells. These three facts are referred to as the cell theory. All cells can be categorized into two basic cell types. They are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. To distinguish where cells are placed in the two categories, what is inside the cell must first be looked at. Every cell, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic all contain basic cell parts. They are: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA (the genetic material), and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells have a simple structure and they are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells. Also, most prokaryotic cells contain a cell wall. In addition to having the basic cell parts, eukaryotic cells also contain a membrane-bounded nucleus and cell organelles. The membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Most of the cells we used in the experiments held, were multicellular or consisting of more than one cell. A variety of cells were used in completing the experiments. We used union cells, cheek cells, potato cells, and Elodeo cells. We also used Planaria which is a unicellular organism. Many stains and dyes were used in the experiments. They were water, methylene blue, salts, and iodine. In our studies of cells, we conducted three experiments to test the different features of cells. The first two experiments were on how membranes were selectively permeable, diffusion, and osmosis. To test this, we set up two experiments. The first experiment we set up had three cups. In each cup a potato slice and a different liquid was put in. In the first cup was filled with distilled water. The second cup was filled with salt water and the third was left empty. We left these cups sit for twenty- four hours and then we observed them. The second experiment we set up involved dialysis tubing which was acting like a membrane. In the dialysis tubing we put a liquid that was made of starches and sugars. We then put the dialysis tubing into a beaker of water wh... ...c solution and sucked up some of the water in the cells. When we observed the cheek cells we found they were very different from the plant cells. The nucleus was in the middle of the cheek cells and there were a few cell organelles. The Planaria cell was all red and had lines running down it. In this cell though, the nucleus was not present. The plant cells and animal cells were very different. In the plant cells there was motion of cell parts but in the animal cells there was no motion. Also, the nucleus and chloroplast of the plant cell were towards the outside of the cell because the chloroplast can receive sunlight better on the outside of the cell than on the inside. In the animal cells though, the nucleus and cell organelles, were towards the middle of the cell. III. Conclusions All organisms in life are made of at least one or more cells. Cells are the basic units to life. Without cells life cannot exist. In our experiments we went to look how cells function and what are their features. In finding this information, I know have a better understanding of how cells function and their specific features. Plant And Animal Cells Essay -- Biology Biological Cells Essays Plant and Animal Cells I. Introduction All organisms in life are composed of at least one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of life. There are three main features of a cell. First, all organisms consist of one or more cells. Second, cells are the smallest units of life and third, cells arise only from preexisting cells. These three facts are referred to as the cell theory. All cells can be categorized into two basic cell types. They are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. To distinguish where cells are placed in the two categories, what is inside the cell must first be looked at. Every cell, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic all contain basic cell parts. They are: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA (the genetic material), and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells have a simple structure and they are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells. Also, most prokaryotic cells contain a cell wall. In addition to having the basic cell parts, eukaryotic cells also contain a membrane-bounded nucleus and cell organelles. The membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Most of the cells we used in the experiments held, were multicellular or consisting of more than one cell. A variety of cells were used in completing the experiments. We used union cells, cheek cells, potato cells, and Elodeo cells. We also used Planaria which is a unicellular organism. Many stains and dyes were used in the experiments. They were water, methylene blue, salts, and iodine. In our studies of cells, we conducted three experiments to test the different features of cells. The first two experiments were on how membranes were selectively permeable, diffusion, and osmosis. To test this, we set up two experiments. The first experiment we set up had three cups. In each cup a potato slice and a different liquid was put in. In the first cup was filled with distilled water. The second cup was filled with salt water and the third was left empty. We left these cups sit for twenty- four hours and then we observed them. The second experiment we set up involved dialysis tubing which was acting like a membrane. In the dialysis tubing we put a liquid that was made of starches and sugars. We then put the dialysis tubing into a beaker of water wh... ...c solution and sucked up some of the water in the cells. When we observed the cheek cells we found they were very different from the plant cells. The nucleus was in the middle of the cheek cells and there were a few cell organelles. The Planaria cell was all red and had lines running down it. In this cell though, the nucleus was not present. The plant cells and animal cells were very different. In the plant cells there was motion of cell parts but in the animal cells there was no motion. Also, the nucleus and chloroplast of the plant cell were towards the outside of the cell because the chloroplast can receive sunlight better on the outside of the cell than on the inside. In the animal cells though, the nucleus and cell organelles, were towards the middle of the cell. III. Conclusions All organisms in life are made of at least one or more cells. Cells are the basic units to life. Without cells life cannot exist. In our experiments we went to look how cells function and what are their features. In finding this information, I know have a better understanding of how cells function and their specific features.

Report of the Leadership Camp Essay

On the 27th- 29th, Co-curricular Unit of SMK Tun Mamat organised a Leadership Camp at Perimbun Resort , Cheras. The camp was attended by all presidents and secretaries of the various clubs in school. About 72 participants include facilitators joined this three days camp. Its objective is to install leadership qualities and to improve teamwork among presidents and secretaries of various clubs. Youth leaders from local university are invite to be facilitators along this three days camp. Facilitators are invited from local university, known as University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). During this three days camp, several activities are arranged for participants. On the first day, after the registration of participants a briefing about the camp was given by facilitators. After that, participants were setting up tents. Then, participants were distributed among several groups and group activities were held. By participate in group activities, one can improve the leadership qualities such as group leader quality and also teamwork. Leader of the group should have a clear vision of what they want their team to achieve. Not only must there be an awareness of this common goal of the group but it must also be shared and agreed upon with the other members of the team. On the second day morning , it was a morning exercise. Some survivals skills are explained by facilitators.Those survival skills are important to all presidents and secretaries of clubs. In this camp , some of the important attributes that go into producing a good leader were highlighted. Such us , understand that every team member is different , be a model . An effective leader should firm the team up by having team and individual meetings to inspire and motivate team members. This can be done when a member of club representing to a competition. During the night , participants go on a ten-mile hike. The last day of the camp is the most memorable part . On the third day , there was a feedback session whereby participants have been asked about the camp. The co-curricular unit of SMK Tun Mamat was able to carry out this camp successfully because of the high commitment and dedication of all teachers and students.

Gender Inequality Throughout Genders Of Society - 1494 Words

Gloria Lujan COMP100 June 22, 2015 Inequality Throughout Genders Every human being has the right to be treated equal, regardless of their skin color, race, gender, or religious preference. The problem in our world to this day is the fact that people, mostly women, are being classified as weak and because of their gender they are being mistreated. In recent cases women have been deprived from a higher education. Also, when working, their workplace is not equal. Gender inequality is happening all over the world. It has been occurring for decades and decades. Gender equality â€Å"means an equal level of empowerment, participation and visibility of both sexes in all spheres of public and private life† (Menstruff). If men and women were the same would there be any conflict? Could it be that everyone is equal but the inequality is all in the mind? â€Å"4 out of over 135 nations have achieved gender equality including Costa Rica, Cuba, Sweden, and Norway.†(Pinto) When gender equality is brought up what is the first thought that comes to m ind? Is it the discrimination towards all kinds of people, the violence brought upon them? Gender inequality has its pros and cons. With gender inequality there are boundaries and limits. The world is not a one person, one mind type of thing. Gender inequality is happening all over the world, with all kinds of consequences because of it. Gender inequality continues to be a problem because it is looked at as a mild problem. It has takenShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality : A Good Understanding Of The Social Inequality Essay1487 Words   |  6 PagesAs a female college student I feel the necessity to have a good understanding of the social inequalities around me. 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